本清单根据长沙民政2025单招英语大纲整理，标注了必考级别（★越多越重要），建议每日背诵1-2个类别，定期复习。
一、核心动词短语
1. break 系列
| 短语 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| break down | 出故障；分解 | ★★★ | My car broke down on the way to school. 我的车在上学路上抛锚了。 |
| break into | 闯入 | ★★ | Thieves broke into the house last night. 小偷昨晚闯入了这所房子。 |
| break out | 爆发 | ★★ | The war broke out in 1939. 战争于1939年爆发。 |
2. call 系列
| 短语 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| call for | 要求；需要 | ★★★ | This problem calls for immediate action. 这个问题需要立即采取行动。 |
| call off | 取消 | ★★ | The game was called off because of rain. 比赛因雨取消了。 |
| call on | 拜访；号召 | ★★ | I'll call on you tomorrow morning. 我明天早上去拜访你。 |
3. give 系列
| 短语 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| give away | 赠送；泄露 | ★★ | He gave away all his money to charity. 他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。 |
| give in | 屈服；让步 | ★★★ | Don't give in to their demands. 不要屈服于他们的要求。 |
| give up | 放弃 | ★★★ | Never give up on your dreams. 永远不要放弃你的梦想。 |
二、介词短语
1. at 系列
| 短语 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| at first | 起初 | ★★ | At first, I didn't like him, but now we are good friends. 起初我不喜欢他，但现在我们是好朋友。 |
| at last | 最后 | ★★ | At last, we reached the top of the mountain. 最后，我们到达了山顶。 |
| at present | 目前 | ★★★ | At present, we have no plans to expand. 目前，我们没有扩张计划。 |
2. in 系列
| 短语 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in a hurry | 匆忙 | ★★ | She left in a hurry without saying goodbye. 她匆忙离开，没有说再见。 |
| in fact | 事实上 | ★★★ | He seems quiet, but in fact he's very funny. 他看起来很安静，但实际上他很风趣。 |
| in general | 一般来说 | ★★ | In general, people are living longer now. 一般来说，人们现在寿命更长了。 |
三、形容词短语
| 短语 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be afraid of | 害怕 | ★★★ | Many children are afraid of the dark. 许多孩子害怕黑暗。 |
| be angry with | 生……的气 | ★★ | She is angry with her brother for breaking her toy. 她因为弟弟弄坏了她的玩具而生他的气。 |
| be busy with | 忙于 | ★★★ | I'm busy with my homework right now. 我现在正忙于做作业。 |
| be good at | 擅长 | ★★★ | He is good at playing basketball. 他擅长打篮球。 |
| be proud of | 为……感到骄傲 | ★★ | We are proud of our country. 我们为我们的国家感到骄傲。 |
四、核心词根词缀
1. 重要词根
| 词根 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例词与解析 |
|---|---|---|---|
| dict | 说，讲 | ★★ | predict (pre-前 + dict说 → 预言) Scientists predict that it will rain tomorrow. |
| port | 拿，运 | ★★ | transport (trans-转移 + port运 → 运输) We need to transport these goods to the warehouse. |
| vis/vid | 看 | ★★★ | video (vid看 + eo名词后缀 → 视频) I watched a video about wild animals. |
2. 重要前缀
| 前缀 | 含义 | 必考级别 | 例词与解析 |
|---|---|---|---|
| un- | 不，非 | ★★★ | unhappy (un-不 + happy快乐 → 不快乐的) She looks unhappy today. |
| re- | 再，又 | ★★★ | review (re-再 + view看 → 复习) I need to review these words before the test. |
| pre- | 在……之前 | ★★ | preview (pre-前 + view看 → 预习) Let's preview the next chapter. |
记忆技巧：每天固定时间背诵，使用"看-读-写-复习"四步法，制作闪卡随时复习，结合例句理解用法而非死记硬背。
词汇 | 音标 | 必考级别 | 中文释义 | 短语搭配 | 例句 |
ability | /əˈbɪləti/ | ★★★ | 能力；才能 | have the ability to do sth. 有做某事的能力 | She has the ability to speak English fluently.（她有流利说英语的能力。） |
accident | /ˈæksɪdənt/ | ★★★ | 事故；意外 | traffic accident 交通事故；by accident 偶然 | He was hurt in a traffic accident last week.（他上周在一场交通事故中受伤了。） |
advice | /ədˈvaɪs/ | ★★★ | 建议；忠告 | give advice on sth. 就某事提建议；take one's advice 采纳某人的建议 | The teacher gave me advice on English study.（老师就英语学习给了我建议。） |
age | /eɪdʒ/ | ★★ | 年龄；时代 | at the age of 在……岁时；different ages 不同时代 | He started learning English at the age of 10.（他10岁开始学英语。） |
airport | /ˈeəpɔːt/ | ★★ | 机场 | at the airport 在机场；airport terminal 航站楼 | My father will meet me at the airport tomorrow.（我爸爸明天会去机场接我。） |
activity | /ækˈtɪvəti/ | ★★ | 活动 | outdoor activities 户外活动；class activities 课堂活动 | We often take part in outdoor activities on weekends.（我们周末经常参加户外活动。） |
address | /əˈdres/ | ★ | 地址；住址 | write down one's address 写下某人的地址；email address 邮箱地址 | Please tell me your home address.（请告诉我你的家庭地址。） |
agency | /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ | ★ | 代理；代理处 | travel agency 旅行社；employment agency 职业介绍所 | They booked the ticket through a travel agency.（他们通过旅行社订了票。） |
career | /kəˈrɪə(r)/ | ★★★ | 职业；事业 | career development 职业发展；choose a career 选择职业 | Many students want to choose a career in education.（很多学生想选择教育行业作为职业。） |
classmate | /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/ | ★★ | 同学 | help a classmate 帮助同学；classmate meeting 同学聚会 | My classmate often helps me with my English homework.（我的同学经常帮我做英语作业。） |
company | /ˈkʌmpəni/ | ★★ | 公司；陪伴 | a big company 一家大公司；in company with 和……一起 | He works in a big company in Changsha.（他在长沙的一家大公司工作。） |
course | /kɔːs/ | ★★★ | 课程；过程 | English course 英语课程；take a course 修一门课 | I will take an English course next semester.（我下学期要修一门英语课。） |
culture | /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ | ★ | 文化 | Chinese culture 中国文化；foreign culture 外国文化 | We should learn more about Chinese culture.（我们应该多了解中国文化。） |
词汇 | 音标 | 必考级别 | 中文释义 | 短语搭配 | 例句 |
ability | /əˈbɪləti/ | ★★★ | 能力；才能 | have the ability to do sth. 有做某事的能力 | She has the ability to speak English fluently.（她有流利说英语的能力。） |
accident | /ˈæksɪdənt/ | ★★★ | 事故；意外 | traffic accident 交通事故；by accident 偶然 | He was hurt in a traffic accident last week.（他上周在一场交通事故中受伤了。） |
advice | /ədˈvaɪs/ | ★★★ | 建议；忠告 | give advice on sth. 就某事提建议；take one's advice 采纳某人的建议 | The teacher gave me advice on English study.（老师就英语学习给了我建议。） |
age | /eɪdʒ/ | ★★ | 年龄；时代 | at the age of 在……岁时；different ages 不同时代 | He started learning English at the age of 10.（他10岁开始学英语。） |
airport | /ˈeəpɔːt/ | ★★ | 机场 | at the airport 在机场；airport terminal 航站楼 | My father will meet me at the airport tomorrow.（我爸爸明天会去机场接我。） |
activity | /ækˈtɪvəti/ | ★★ | 活动 | outdoor activities 户外活动；class activities 课堂活动 | We often take part in outdoor activities on weekends.（我们周末经常参加户外活动。） |
address | /əˈdres/ | ★ | 地址；住址 | write down one's address 写下某人的地址；email address 邮箱地址 | Please tell me your home address.（请告诉我你的家庭地址。） |
agency | /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ | ★ | 代理；代理处 | travel agency 旅行社；employment agency 职业介绍所 | They booked the ticket through a travel agency.（他们通过旅行社订了票。） |
career | /kəˈrɪə(r)/ | ★★★ | 职业；事业 | career development 职业发展；choose a career 选择职业 | Many students want to choose a career in education.（很多学生想选择教育行业作为职业。） |
classmate | /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/ | ★★ | 同学 | help a classmate 帮助同学；classmate meeting 同学聚会 | My classmate often helps me with my English homework.（我的同学经常帮我做英语作业。） |
company | /ˈkʌmpəni/ | ★★ | 公司；陪伴 | a big company 一家大公司；in company with 和……一起 | He works in a big company in Changsha.（他在长沙的一家大公司工作。） |
course | /kɔːs/ | ★★★ | 课程；过程 | English course 英语课程；take a course 修一门课 | I will take an English course next semester.（我下学期要修一门英语课。） |
culture | /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ | ★ | 文化 | Chinese culture 中国文化；foreign culture 外国文化 | We should learn more about Chinese culture.（我们应该多了解中国文化。） |
词汇 | 音标 | 必考级别 | 中文释义 | 短语搭配 | 例句 |
accept | /əkˈsept/ | ★★★ | 接受；认可 | accept an invitation 接受邀请；accept a gift 接受礼物 | She decided to accept the job offer.（她决定接受这份工作邀请。） |
act | /ækt/ | ★★★ | 行动；表演 | act as 担任；act out 表演出来 | He will act as our team leader.（他将担任我们的团队负责人。） |
add | /æd/ | ★★★ | 添加；增加 | add...to... 把……加到……；add up 加起来 | Please add some sugar to the coffee.（请往咖啡里加些糖。） |
advise | /ədˈvaɪz/ | ★★ | 建议；劝告 | advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；advise doing sth. 建议做某事 | The doctor advised him to take more exercise.（医生建议他多做运动。） |
allow | /əˈlaʊ/ | ★★★ | 允许；准许 | allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow doing sth. 允许做某事 | The school doesn't allow students to use mobile phones in class.（学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。） |
ask | /ɑːsk/ | ★★★ | 问；请求 | ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物；ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 | He asked the teacher for help with his English.（他向老师求助英语学习。） |
begin | /bɪˈɡɪn/ | ★★★ | 开始；着手 | begin to do sth. 开始做某事；begin with 以……开始 | Our English class begins at 8 o'clock every morning.（我们的英语课每天早上8点开始。） |
break | /breɪk/ | ★★★ | 打破；损坏；休息 | break down 出故障；break out 爆发；break a rule 违反规则 | My bike broke down on the way to school.（我的自行车在去学校的路上出故障了。） |
bring | /brɪŋ/ | ★★ | 带来；拿来 | bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人；bring up 抚养；提出 | Please bring your textbook to class tomorrow.（明天请把课本带到课堂上。） |
call | /kɔːl/ | ★★ | 打电话；称呼；叫 | call sb. up 给某人打电话；call on sb. 拜访某人；call for 要求 | I will call you up this evening.（我今晚给你打电话。） |
choose | /tʃuːz/ | ★★★ | 选择；挑选 | choose to do sth. 选择做某事；choose from 从……中选择 | She chose to study nursing at Changsha Civil Affairs University.（她选择在长沙民政学院学习护理专业。） |
complete | /kəmˈpliːt/ | ★★ | 完成；结束 | complete a task 完成任务；complete homework 完成作业 | We need to complete the project before Friday.（我们需要在周五前完成这个项目。） |
continue | /kənˈtɪnjuː/ | ★★ | 继续；延续 | continue to do sth. 继续做某事；continue doing sth. 继续做某事 | He decided to continue his study after graduation.（他决定毕业后继续深造。） |
词汇 | 音标 | 必考级别 | 中文释义 | 短语搭配 | 例句 |
accept | /əkˈsept/ | ★★★ | 接受；认可 | accept an invitation 接受邀请；accept a gift 接受礼物 | She decided to accept the job offer.（她决定接受这份工作邀请。） |
act | /ækt/ | ★★★ | 行动；表演 | act as 担任；act out 表演出来 | He will act as our team leader.（他将担任我们的团队负责人。） |
add | /æd/ | ★★★ | 添加；增加 | add...to... 把……加到……；add up 加起来 | Please add some sugar to the coffee.（请往咖啡里加些糖。） |
advise | /ədˈvaɪz/ | ★★ | 建议；劝告 | advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；advise doing sth. 建议做某事 | The doctor advised him to take more exercise.（医生建议他多做运动。） |
allow | /əˈlaʊ/ | ★★★ | 允许；准许 | allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow doing sth. 允许做某事 | The school doesn't allow students to use mobile phones in class.（学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。） |
ask | /ɑːsk/ | ★★★ | 问；请求 | ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物；ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 | He asked the teacher for help with his English.（他向老师求助英语学习。） |
begin | /bɪˈɡɪn/ | ★★★ | 开始；着手 | begin to do sth. 开始做某事；begin with 以……开始 | Our English class begins at 8 o'clock every morning.（我们的英语课每天早上8点开始。） |
break | /breɪk/ | ★★★ | 打破；损坏；休息 | break down 出故障；break out 爆发；break a rule 违反规则 | My bike broke down on the way to school.（我的自行车在去学校的路上出故障了。） |
bring | /brɪŋ/ | ★★ | 带来；拿来 | bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人；bring up 抚养；提出 | Please bring your textbook to class tomorrow.（明天请把课本带到课堂上。） |
call | /kɔːl/ | ★★ | 打电话；称呼；叫 | call sb. up 给某人打电话；call on sb. 拜访某人；call for 要求 | I will call you up this evening.（我今晚给你打电话。） |
